i have the same sort of thing under my left rib cage. when i sit down and slouch over i can feel this sack, (bubble) under and behind my rib cage. when i push on it lightly its pops back and then pops out. i can see it going in and out but i can feel it. also it feels like it might be kinda big behind my ribs, thats why i think it might be an organ or something. i dont know.Based on OP description, it's possible that the lump you are feeling is a hernia. A hernia is a bulge or protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening in ...If you like tea, but want to capitalize on a hot trend, then a bubble tea franchise might be right up your alley. Here are the best ones to consider. * Required Field Your Name: * ...Complications Associated With a Popped Rib The discomfort and pain of slipping rib syndrome can make it difficult to live normally.Activities like coughing, bending, lifting, deep breathing ...I have had this under my rib for years now. As of late it seems to feel worse at times. Still cant figure out what triggers it. My gastro says its from large fibroid. Gyno says no. I have had ultra sounds. Two or three. I had a cat scan. Nothing shows but fibroids. When I bend to pick something up it feels like a football under my left rib.A lump on the left side rib cage can be caused by underlying skin conditions like boils, warts, skin abscess, or cysts. Other rare causes for painful lump on …A doctor has provided 1 answer. ive been feeling fluttering under my left rib cage in the middle between my heart and my upper abdomen.. no pain, just happens randomly within the past 5 hours. last about 4 seconds every 10 mins but will have a long stretch. also suffer from anxiet?: : See your MD and if exam is normal there is nothing to worry ...It almost feels like there's a bubble underneath my ribs. Read More. I have a really bad pain under my right rib like a stitch and it hurts to breath. Iv had it all day. Feels like it should be bruised. ... Pain under left rib cage, feel light fever, bolted. Pass lot of gas, ...Rib pain or pain in the chest wall that feels like it comes from a rib may be caused by traumatic injury, muscle strain, joint inflammation, or chronic pain, and ranges in severity. Rib cage pain can be associated with bruising, difficulty taking a deep breath, joint pain, and more. Read more below to learn what may be causing your rib pain and when to seek treatment.If you like tea, but want to capitalize on a hot trend, then a bubble tea franchise might be right up your alley. Here are the best ones to consider. * Required Field Your Name: * ... I have very bad cramps under my right rib cage going around to my back, not a pain as such, just an extreme hot cramp which is pretty much permanent. Cramp feeling goes down to my groin. Have had ct scan, ultrasound and blood tests and all okay. Feels like a golf ball is getting squeezed under my rib cage. No fever but loss of appetite. A person may feel kidney pain under the lower part of their rib cage. They may feel kidney pain on either their right or left side, or they may experience it on both sides at the same time. Kidney ...The pusle that I could feel at the bottom of my rib cage (just below the bottom rib on the right side) was erratic and strong. It was completely separate from my heat beat. ... Im having a pain in what feels like is in my left rib cage. 10.30.2013. Chris C. Doctor. 563 Satisfied Customers. Today at lunch, I got a sudden pain in my left shoulder ...Coughing, breathing deeply, or sneezing can aggravate the pain under your left rib cage or your right rib cage. 12. Lung collapse. According to the Cleveland Clinic, a collapsed lung can cause sudden sharp pains in your chest. The pain will be worse when breathing deeply.Policy. When it’s trapped in your upper abdomen, backed-up intestinal gas can cause intense chest pain. In fact, some people may wonder if they’re having a heart attack and not just needing to ...Discomforting pain in my left side, under my rib cage. It feels. Trapped Air Bubble Feeling Behind Left Rib? . For about two weeks I have had a feeling like an air bubble was behind my rib cage. Then after playing about 6 games of. Air bubble in ribs after child birth? My daughter had a baby 6 weeks early and is having pain under her right rib ...Aug 15, 2013 ... ² This syndrome has been dubbed Tietze syndrome, costal margin syndrome, clicking rib, rib tip syndrome, and now commonly slipping rib syndrome.Abdominal pain. Bloating. Nausea, vomiting. Hiccups. Indigestion (bubble feeling in chest left side) Burning/gnawing pain between meals and at night. Loss of appetite. Blood or coffee ground material in vomit. Black or tarry stools.My mom has a mostly consistent burning feeling in the rightmost upper abdomen, just below the ribs, like near liver and gall bladder area. It's been there for almost 4years. Consulted with doctors, did tests like X-ray, CT Scan, Ultrasound, tried homeopathy also, but it's there only. Doctors said it's Gas.Pain under the left or right ribs or rib cage; Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs. It is caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Pneumonia may be mild or life-threatening. It is most serious in infants, young children, people older than age 65, and people who have a weak immune system. The lungs sit underneath the ribs/rib cage.hey i am 21 and i too have this lump you speak about its actually a sausage shaped lump in my case starts at the bottom of my stomach and if i sticke my tummy in it rises up and then gets lost somewhere but when i exhale it falls back down. i have had this persistant bump ill call it, for about 9 months now and it is driving me crazy i used to have a very flat stomach now its bloated all the ...The most common causes of pain in the upper left abdomen are as follows: 1. Pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach, in the left upper quadrant. It is responsible for producing digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. This inflammation can cause an intense ... I have a bubbling/rumbling sensation in my back under my ribs on the right side. no pain just uncomfortable has happened about 4 times in the last hr? A doctor has provided 1 answer. what does a bubbling sensation below the rib cage mean?: More info ??: Too vague Many things might give you that feeling, sen. Usually, the type of pain under your left breast can be an indication as to the cause of the discomfort in your upper abdomen. Sharp, stabbing pains under your left breast could be caused by heartburn, stress, gastritis, or even too much gas. Pain under your breast caused by gastritis can be dull, throbbing pain that feels like something is ...A doctor has provided 1 answer. ive been feeling fluttering under my left rib cage in the middle between my heart and my upper abdomen.. no pain, just happens randomly within the past 5 hours. last about 4 seconds every 10 mins but will have a long stretch. also suffer from anxiet?: : See your MD and if exam is normal there is nothing to worry ...Your colon goes right under your left rib so probably just constipated. Try some Gas-X. Take some Miri-lax for a few days or eat a lot of fiber or drink some prune juice to get things moving. I get that pain on/off sometimes as well. Yea sometimes it does feel like a bubble in the soft area under my ribs.Causes of pain under the left ribs or rib cage. Causes of pain under the right ribs or rib cage. Causes of pain in the upper, middle abdomen below ribs. Next Steps. Emergency symptoms. Treatment. …4. Injuries. Trauma or injury to your left rib, like a pulled muscle or a broken rib, can cause intense pain that's concentrated in that area. If you have pain when pushing on your left rib or stretching, it may be due to an injury. "You might experience sharp pain or pain with deep breathing or moving," Dr. Blank says.Fluttering sensations in the rib cage can have many causes, and your GP is the best resource to provide answers, alleviate worries, and guide you towards appropriate treatment and preventive strategies. Information provided and reviewed by the AXA Health 24/7 health support line team. Sources and further reading • Fluttering feeling in rib cageCustomer: Sometimes it feels like a bubble is inflating under my left lower rib. There is no rhyme or reason to the timing. There is no rhyme or reason to the timing. It happens when I'm standing, sitting, long after I've eaten or while I'm eating or at night.Last night I bent over at a 90 degree ankle to shave my legs. I felt a shap pain right under my left rib cage. Similar feeling to a "Charlie horse" This has happened when I shaved or best over, a handful of times in the past when I bent over also. However, today, the area that gets the "sharp pains" tends to feel bruised.First female announcer in both WrestleMania and combat sports history talks mental health on this podcast episode Today’s guest is the first woman to announce the WWE’s WrestleMani...Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. SOC 2 Type 2Certified. depending how i sit/move, it feels like something is stuck under my left rib cage, or like fullness. if i press in a certain spot, something pops ?: Rib cage: Left rib cage full Ness could be from several different reas.A stock market bubble is an overvaluation that can affect either a market sector or the entire market. Learn the definition and how to spot a bubble. Calculators Helpful Guides Com...February 5th, 2024 Brian Donnelly. Conditions linked to the heart, stomach, left lung, left kidney and portions of the large and small intestine can lead to pain under the left rib cage. Pain under the left rib cage can be, in a word, alarming. Because of the heart’s proximity to the ribs, many fear the worst — a heart attack.The proliferation of food labels make it hard to decipher what's meaningful and what's not. Do Good Foods is a startup that produces “carbon-reduced” chicken. But what exactly does...When you have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), you may think your abdominal pain under the ribs is from trapped intestinal gas. But some of it may come from other sources. Intestinal gas results from the …The most common symptom of both acute and chronic pancreatitis is pain in the upper abdominal area, usually under the ribs. This pain: The abdominal pain may also differ depending on the cause of ...Rupture or tear in the esophagus or gastrointestinal tract. This condition can happen due to: Blunt trauma. Blast injuries. Breathing in cocaine. Corrosives or chemical burns of the esophagus or airway. Diving injuries. Forceful vomiting (Boerhaave syndrome). Penetrating trauma, such as gunshot or stab wounds.Burning dull pain below my ribcage after eating fried or tomato based food. feels like the dull ache in my sides or back. worse when standing. last either hours or a day or so. Dr. Amrita Dosanjh answered. Pediatric Allergy and Asthma 38 years experience. Mgt: From your description, your symptoms may be related to GERD.Customer: Air bubble release feeling under left rib cage Doctor's Assistant: The Doctor can help. Just a couple quick questions before I transfer you. What are your symptoms? ... I believe that I have diverticulosis. feels like a bubble. 3.27.2019. Dr Chip (M.D.) Doctor. 53,215 Satisfied Customers. I have noticed over the last few months that I ...Almost everytime she eats she gets a bubbling under her lower left rib cage. Followed by gas feeling the need to burp or pass gas and sometimes diarrhea. She does get heartburn (almost every day) like me but no nausea. For the last 3 days she has had a pain in that same area mostly after she eats. She describes the pain as a "runners stitch ...Pericarditis. One cause of sudden sharp pains on the left side under your ribs is pericarditis. Doctors say that pericarditis is inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart. This is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection or an autoimmune disorder. Pericarditis usually causes the following symptoms: 5. Ekgs, xrays & blood works all normal. have a lot of gas in the belly & lots of bubble movement under left rib cage and shortness of breathing at times. taking prilosec. is it due to creatine ? Gas entrapment: Gas entrapped in the left upper abdomen may be in the stomach or splenic flexure of the colon. All bubbles pop — that's a fact of life. But what's the science behind the short life and inevitable pop of a bubble? Advertisement For generations, bubbles have sparked the curios...Dr. Phillip Goebel answered. Specializes in Emergency Medicine. Stomach and Colon: Yes bloating of your stomach or descending colon can make it feel like there is gas trapped under your left ribs. Answered 3/9/2021.It feels like a thumb is pushing out through my ribs right below my heart, and I feel like gas/air movement. It does not hurt or is painful, but it is strange, and Im not sure what to think. ... Painless lump/bubble in stomach under left rib cage Lump under right rib cage Pain Under Left Rib Cage Uncomfortable pressure under left rib cageAug 16, 2004 ... It's exactly like you say. A gurgling/bubbling feeling coming from under the left rib cage. That's the stomach, by the way. For me, it ...Cyst: Rib lumps can also be caused by cysts, which are sac-like structures that form due to infections, blockages, or trapped keratin. They can contain fluid or semi-solid material and vary in size. Rib fracture: Trauma or injury to the rib can result in a fracture or break. Lumps may form due to bone displacement or the formation of a callus ...If you like tea, but want to capitalize on a hot trend, then a bubble tea franchise might be right up your alley. Here are the best ones to consider. * Required Field Your Name: * ...Dr. Phillip Goebel answered. Specializes in Emergency Medicine. Stomach and Colon: Yes bloating of your stomach or descending colon can make it feel like there is gas trapped under your left ribs. Answered 3/9/2021.A sign that is easily visible is an overgrowth on the abdomen observed as an abdominal mass or lump between the ribcage above the stomach. In the majority of the cases, an abdominal lump can be an innocuous growth that can either go away on its own or through mild treatment. However, sometimes, it can signal a serious underlying condition.Maybe about 3 times a day I get what I can only describe as a crackling sensation when I exhale under my left lower ribcage. I often get sharp pains around my chest area when exhaling but this crackling is a new symptom to me! Almost feels like bubbles rubbing together and creating a crackling feeling.Doctors have warned of a strange symptom under the ribs that could be a sign of pancreatic cancer. Recognising the signs of cancer and knowing how to spot …Symptoms of an epigastric hernia. An epigastric hernia usually causes a bump to occur in the area below your sternum, or breastbone, and above your belly button. This bump is caused by a mass of ...Properly functioning kidneys are critical for maintaining good health. Diabetes, high blood pressure, or family history can increase risk of kidney disease. You have two kidneys, e...Pericarditis. Pleurisy. Diagnosis. Treatment. Takeaway. Your left ribs protect the organs that sit below them, like your heart and your stomach. Pain in this area can be caused by injury,...I have this weird popping sensating when i press my upper left abdomen about 1-2" below the tip of the sternum but right next to the ribs. any idea? popping under left rib cage with certain movement. feels full maybe looks swollen. some abdominal pain too. could it be something like slipping rib?: Possibly: It is possibly an explanation for the ...5 years ago. Asked for Female, 31 Years. I have slight pain below my left rib cage and it feels like stabbing pain. I can feel something inside there. It sometimes causes pain in my back also (left side). I don't have any digestion problem not even bowel problem. Most of the times I sleep on my stomach and maximum pressure is on left side.Customer: Air bubble release feeling under left rib cage Doctor's Assistant: The Doctor can help. Just a couple quick questions before I transfer you. What are your symptoms? ... I believe that I have diverticulosis. feels like a bubble. 3.27.2019. Dr Chip (M.D.) Doctor. 53,215 Satisfied Customers. I have noticed over the last few months that I ...I have a bubbling/rumbling sensation in my back under my ribs on the right side. no pain just uncomfortable has happened about 4 times in the last hr? A doctor has provided 1 answer. what does a bubbling sensation below the rib cage mean?: More info ??: Too vague Many things might give you that feeling, sen.4. Injuries. Trauma or injury to your left rib, like a pulled muscle or a broken rib, can cause intense pain that's concentrated in that area. If you have pain when pushing on your left rib or stretching, it may be due to an injury. "You might experience sharp pain or pain with deep breathing or moving," Dr. Blank says.I am a 45 year old female , i have had this feeling like i have a ball under my right rib cage, for about five years now. most of the time i am leaning too left all the time to allow what ever it is too have more room. not painful just very uncomfortable. on the 21 of July 09 i had my gallbladder removed. thinking this would stop the feeling i ...Physical therapy might be effective. Your doctor might administer an anesthetic intercostal nerve blockage injection to relieve the pain. Corticosteroid injections are found effective in treating swelling. Your doctor will recommend surgery (costal cartilage excision) if the pain and symptoms persist longer.Kidney pain occurs below the rib cage on either side of a person’s spine. It can also feel as though the pain is coming from deep within the body. ... Muscle pain feels like a dull ache or ...A sign that is easily visible is an overgrowth on the abdomen observed as an abdominal mass or lump between the ribcage above the stomach. In the majority of the cases, an abdominal lump can be an innocuous growth that can either go away on its own or through mild treatment. However, sometimes, it can signal a serious underlying condition.Organs underneath the right side of the rib cage include the liver, gallbladder, transverse colon and one of the kidneys, states Health Hype. The liver is the largest of the organs...1. Muscle fasciculations: Practice stress reduction techniques, such as deep breathing exercises and mindfulness. Ensure you get enough rest and manage fatigue. …It feels like a thumb is pushing out through my ribs right below my heart, and I feel like gas/air movement. It does not hurt or is painful, but it is strange, and Im not sure what to think. ... Painless lump/bubble in stomach under left rib cage Lump under right rib cage Pain Under Left Rib Cage Uncomfortable pressure under left rib cageMy left arm/shoulder feels tired/sore. Im only 25 but im worried about a heart attack. I had a pain yesterday that felt like it was tucked up right under my left rib cage and that has since away. Anyo … read moreLipomas are benign growths that are made up of fat tissue. They’re soft, small, and rubbery lumps that sit just below the skin. Most lipomas appear on the shoulders, upper back, arms, buttocks, and upper thighs. They typically don't cause pain and may move if you push on them gently.Best Answer: If it hurts (like a sharp pain) when you breath in then it's just a muscle spasm. I get those sometimes. go see your primary care physician. The bubble under my left rib annoys me sometimes like a dull pain when i laugh. today i was at lunch and was having a drink when suddenly got a feeling of an air bubble.Are you tired of the same old bath routine? Do you long for a luxurious and indulgent experience that leaves you feeling pampered and refreshed? Look no further than Bubbly Belle, ...Wind might give you a feeling of pressure, like bloating pressing against your ribs, but then surely you'd be burping occasionally and feel some relief afterwards. I have read before of people getting relief from pressure under the ribs after having a session with a chiropractor as they said their spine was misaligned.Stabbing sensation under the left rib cage ... discomfort and pain on the upper left side of the abdomen. ... It is the inflammation of the sac-like tissue, or ...Usually, the type of pain under your left breast can be an indication as to the cause of the discomfort in your upper abdomen. Sharp, stabbing pains under your left breast could be caused by heartburn, stress, gastritis, or even too much gas. Pain under your breast caused by gastritis can be dull, throbbing pain that feels like something is ...4. Change your faulty eating Habits. Food-related gas pain is related to the type of food and can be exacerbated by faulty diet habits. To relieve gas pain under your ribs, please: Avoid eating too fast (it leads to excess air swallowing). Avoid talking while eating. Eating very large or fatty meals at once. Ekgs, xrays & blood works all normal. have a lot of gas in the belly & lots of bubble movement under left rib cage and shortness of breathing at times. taking prilosec. is it due to creatine ? Gas entrapment: Gas entrapped in the left upper abdomen may be in the stomach or splenic flexure of the colon. Pain in your upper left abdomen under your ribs can have a variety of causes. Read on to find out the possible causes and symptoms of this type of pain and …Best Answer: If it hurts (like a sharp pain) when you breath in then it's just a muscle spasm. I get those sometimes. go see your primary care physician. The bubble under my left rib annoys me sometimes like a dull pain when i laugh. today i was at lunch and was having a drink when suddenly got a feeling of an air bubble.Aug 16, 2004 · Almost everytime she eats she gets a bubbling under her lower left rib cage. Followed by gas feeling the need to burp or pass gas and sometimes diarrhea. She does get heartburn (almost every day) like me but no nausea. For the last 3 days she has had a pain in that same area mostly after she eats. She describes the pain as a "runners stitch ... Gurgling in the large intestine may be associated with these processes. 02. Splenic Flexure Syndrome: The presence of gas in the colon is common. Many people have gas build-ups from time to time. Intense pain in the stomach or a gurgling below the left rib may indicate a serious build-up of gas in the splenic flexure. I have been experiencing a really odd feeling under my right rib cage for about 2 months now. It is at the bottom of it and feels as if something is stuck under it. It doesn't hurt as such, just uncomfortable. I have an ache in my back too, directly behind the strange feeling in my ribcage. It feels like a balloon or a bubble is stuck there.The first time I experienced the tingling feeling, I felt like somone was pressing the area right under my top left rib. It went away for a second and then started up again. These feelings have lasted on and off for several months now and the sensation seems to be getting stronger.Properly functioning kidneys are critical for maintaining good health. Diabetes, high blood pressure, or family history can increase risk of kidney disease. You have two kidneys, e...Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. SOC 2 Type 2Certified. i have constant gurgling under my left rib cage. it sounds like fluid or water. i don't have any pain or discomfort?: Mgt/workup: I would suggest a visit ... I have a bubbling/rumbling sensation in my back under my ribs on the right side. no pain just uncomfortable has happened about 4 times in the last hr? A doctor has provided 1 answer. what does a bubbling sensation below the rib cage mean?: More info ??: Too vague Many things might give you that feeling, sen. Dr. Phillip Goebel answered. Specializes in Emergency Medicine. Stomach and Colon: Yes bloating of your stomach or descending colon can make it feel like there is gas trapped under your left ribs. Answered 3/9/2021.
I best describe it as a gnawing / stabbing / pinching pain under my right rib, which radiates to my side and back. in the past 2 months i have had bloods and ultrasound... both normal. If you manage to get a diagnosis or solution i would be grateful if you could update this forum. Many thanks Tom. jim41532 tom25151.. Angel nails hibbing mn
Customer: Air bubble release feeling under left rib cage Doctor's Assistant: The Doctor can help. Just a couple quick questions before I transfer you. What are your symptoms? ... I believe that I have diverticulosis. feels like a bubble. 3.27.2019. Dr Chip (M.D.) Doctor. 53,215 Satisfied Customers. I have noticed over the last few months that I ...Cyst: Rib lumps can also be caused by cysts, which are sac-like structures that form due to infections, blockages, or trapped keratin. They can contain fluid or semi-solid material and vary in size. Rib fracture: Trauma or injury to the rib can result in a fracture or break. Lumps may form due to bone displacement or the formation of a callus ...Call your doctor or 911 if you think you may have a medical emergency. SOC 2 Type 2Certified. on my left side under my rib cage i feel like i have an big air bubble or something stuck there and it hurts. should i be concerned?: Aerophagia: Swallowing of air can create your symptoms. More history i.I have had this under my rib for years now. As of late it seems to feel worse at times. Still cant figure out what triggers it. My gastro says its from large fibroid. Gyno says no. I have had ultra sounds. Two or three. I had a cat scan. Nothing shows but fibroids. When I bend to pick something up it feels like a football under my left rib. Immediately below the left ribs, if you press the abdomen, you can feel something popping or crackling, and there is some movement inside (its not so if you press the corresponding right side of the abdomen). It's not painful if you press this area underneath the ribcage. But the rib itself is sore and slightly painful to press. Angina. Angina can also cause severe discomfort in your upper left abdominal area behind your ribs. This type of chest pain causes symptoms similar to a heart attack including sweating, nausea, and pain that radiates to your arm. Some serious types of angina can cause sudden sharp chest pains even when you are resting. I best describe it as a gnawing / stabbing / pinching pain under my right rib, which radiates to my side and back. in the past 2 months i have had bloods and ultrasound... both normal. If you manage to get a diagnosis or solution i would be grateful if you could update this forum. Many thanks Tom. jim41532 tom25151. They can check inside you stomach to see if there's anything causing it in there. It could be an ulcer, but I would think you'd have some pain with that. Wind might give you a feeling of pressure, like bloating pressing against your ribs, but then surely you'd be burping occasionally and feel some relief afterwards.Dr. Susan Rhoads answered. If you truly feel like there are bubbles under the skin (like you were running your fingers over rice krispies and it snaps,crackles or pops) and you have been vomiting, or had a cough, you need to go to the ER now. You can rupture the tissue between the lungs and trachea so that air enters under the skin, and … Online Primary Care Doctors Accepting New Patients. $44 video appointments available today with a membership as low as $15/month. ekgs, xrays & blood works all normal. have a lot of gas in the belly & lots of bubble movement under left rib cage and shortness of breathing at times. taking prilosec. is it due to creatine ?: Gas entrapment: Gas ... The basic problem is gas itself. Gas can be avoided by eliminating foods that produce gas. Which foods to exclude - this may vary a lot from person to person, but two simple diet trials may be tried: - 4 days lactose free diet. In lactose intolerance always some gas is produced by colonic bacteria. - 4 days low.fructose diet.May 5, 2020 ... Pain in the lower back, often on one side. · A lump at the bottom of your rib cage. · Swollen legs and ankles. · Swelling in the scrotum ( ...Fluttering sensations in the rib cage can have many causes, and your GP is the best resource to provide answers, alleviate worries, and guide you towards appropriate treatment and preventive strategies. Information provided and reviewed by the AXA Health 24/7 health support line team. Sources and further reading • Fluttering feeling in rib cageCoughing, breathing deeply, or sneezing can aggravate the pain under your left rib cage or your right rib cage. 12. Lung collapse. According to the Cleveland Clinic, a collapsed lung can cause sudden sharp pains in your chest. The pain will be worse when breathing deeply.I get muscle spasms with a very sharp pain in what feels. 11.4.2011. Dr. Mark. ... I have pain associated with gas under my left back rib cage. 1.17.2010. HouseDoc. Attending Neurologist ... 18,312 Satisfied Customers. I have had a stitch like pain under my right rib for 3 days. 9.4.2009. Dr. Abby. Family Physician. 10,247 Satisfied Customers ....